Economic growth in the United States in the 21st century has concentrated in fewer
metropolitan areas that account for a disproportionate share of jobs, research and
development (R&D), innovation, investment, and business growth in high-tech
industries. This urban-led growth, driven by innovation centers and the creative class,
has been well documented and is exacerbating a rural–urban divide unlike any in our
nation’s economic history. Advances in automation and artificial intelligence have
intensified this shift, and many cities across the country are experiencing widespread
decline. Similarly, many rural areas are marked by divestment and deteriorating
infrastructure.
